HISET Social Studies Practice Exam 2026 – All-in-One Study Guide for Exam Success!

Federalism refers to a system of government where power is divided and shared between a central (national) government and smaller political units, such as states or provinces. This structure allows for multiple levels of government to coexist, each having its own responsibilities and powers.

In this context, federalism is significant because it enables local governments to address local issues while still adhering to the broader laws and regulations set by the national government. This balance aims to prevent the concentration of power and to allow for greater representation of diverse interests within a country, acknowledging the different needs and circumstances of various regions.

The other choices describe systems that do not align with the principles of federalism. Centralized power in the national government negates the role of state governments, while a complete separation between branches is more about the organization of government power rather than the division between different levels of government. Lastly, suggesting a form of government where states have no power contradicts the fundamental concept of federalism, which emphasizes shared authority.