HISET Social Studies Practice

In what way did the Middle Kingdom of Egypt contribute to its economy?

1. By establishing diplomatic relations with Europe

2. By creating extensive irrigation projects

3. By focusing solely on military conquests

4. By importing foreign goods

The correct answer is: By creating extensive irrigation projects

The Middle Kingdom of Egypt significantly contributed to its economy by creating extensive irrigation projects. These projects improved agricultural productivity, which was essential in a land reliant on the Nile River for farming. The increased agricultural output not only supported the population but also paved the way for trade, as surplus crops could be exchanged for goods and services. This irrigation system allowed for more effective water management, enabling year-round farming, which was vital for the sustenance of cities and the growth of the economy during that period. The other options, while they may have some relevance to other periods or aspects of Egyptian history, do not specifically encapsulate the key economic development characteristic of the Middle Kingdom. Establishing diplomatic relations with Europe is not notable for this period, as significant interactions with Europe developed later. Focusing solely on military conquests overlooks the importance of agriculture in sustaining and advancing the economy. Lastly, while importing foreign goods may have occurred, it would not compare to the foundational economic impact that extensive irrigation projects had on improving local agriculture and trade in the Middle Kingdom.