HISET Social Studies Practice

What did the United States v. Nixon case involve regarding presidential powers?

1. The Supreme Court expanded executive privilege to include all documents.

2. The Court limited executive privilege in criminal cases.

3. The Court ruled that presidential power is absolute.

4. The ruling had no impact on the concept of executive privilege.

The correct answer is: The Court limited executive privilege in criminal cases.

The case of United States v. Nixon was a pivotal moment in the history of presidential powers and the concept of executive privilege. The Supreme Court's decision specifically addressed the balance between a president's claim to executive privilege and the need for accountability, particularly in criminal investigations. The ruling established that while presidents have a degree of executive privilege, this privilege is not absolute, especially when it comes to criminal matters. The Court determined that the need for evidence in the context of a judicial process outweighed the president's interest in keeping certain communications confidential. This decision underscored the principle that no person, not even the president, is above the law, and reinforced the importance of judicial oversight in matters involving potential criminal activity. This limitation on executive privilege has influenced subsequent cases and the way executive power is understood, ensuring that there are checks in place even for the highest office in the country.